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The following is Dr. Gaddy's spring of 1998 report, along with a number of other plants that we have found since. It is a fairly complete list, but we do expect to find additional plants as time goes by. For example, we added crested coral root to the list in 1999. It is a plant that has never been seen in Oconee County , and as a saprophytic orchid, is invisible for most of the year. We also added more than 50 others, bringing the total number of identified plant species up to around 200. In some cases, especially where there are a large number of species (blackberries,for instance), we have listed only the genus. We hope to add to the list and give species names where possible. We apologize for the superficial treatment of grasses here in particular.
Those species added since Doctor Gaddy's report, and not yet verified by him will be noted with a ** after the number. We expect the list to eventually top out in the low 200's, especially if we count common weedy species. We also plan to do some appropriate introductions in the restoration areas. When we add these to the list, they will be noted with a "!" sign. At least one and maybe two plants are introductions that might not be completely "appropriate", but will be allowed to stay. The bald cypress is in the wetland. The clethera might or might not be an introduction. We do include some plants that we wish were not in the preserve, including Asian honeysuckle and privet, and will indicate such non-native escapes with a @.
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Memorial Ecosystems' Ramsey Creek property is rich and diverse Piedmont site. A preliminary inventory of the vascular plants of this tract indicates that over 130 plant species, including over 30 tree species, are present here. Two state-listed plants--rough sedge (Carex scabrata) and tripartite violet (Viola tripartita)--and two species uncommon in South Carolina -- crested coral root (Hexalectris spicata ) and Biltmore carrion flower (Smilax biltmoreana)--are found on the property. Fraser magnolia (Magnolia fraseri) and deer-tongue laurel (Rhododendron minus), both normally found in the mountains of South Carolina , and storax (Styrax grandifolia) and chalk maple (Acer leucoderme), which are uncommon outside of the Brevard Belt, are also found on the tract. The following preliminary list of vascular plants is based on field work conducted on site in the spring of 1998.
Scientific name is given first, followed by common name in parentheses. The number after the name indicates the plant community habitat in which the plant occurs on the tract.
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PINE
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PINE-MIXED HARDWOODS
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MIXED HARDWOODS
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BOTTOMLAND WOODS
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BOGS/SEEPAGES
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MEADOWS/SAVANNAHS
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- Acer leucoderme (chalk maple) 3
- Acer rubrum (red maple) 2,3
- Amelanchier laevis (serviceberry) 1,2
- Betula nigra (river birch) 4
- Carpinus caroliniana (ironwood) 3,4
- Carya glabra (pignut hickory) 3
- Carya tomentosa (mockernut hickory) 2,3
- Castanea dentata (F1-hybrid American Chestnut with European) 3 ** !
- Castanea dentata (American Chestnut-sprouts)3,4
- Cercis canadensis (redbud) 3
- Chioanathus virginicus (fringe tree) 3**
- Cornus alternifolia (alternate-leaved dogwood) 3
- Cornus florida (dogwood) 2,3
- Diospyros virginiana (persimmon) 2,3,4
- Fagus grandifolia (American beech) 3,4
- Fraxinus americana (white ash) 3
- Halesia carolina (silverbell) 3,4
- Ilex opaca (Holly) 2,3 **
- Juglans nigra (black walnut) 1
- Juniperus virginiana (eastern red cedar) 1,2
- Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum) 3,4
- Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip poplar) 3,4
- Magnolia acuminata (cucumber tree) 3
- Magnolia fraseri (Fraser's magnolia) 3
- Morus rubra (red mulberry) 3
- Nyssa sylvatica (black gum) 2,3
- Oxydendrum arboreum (sourwood) 2,3
- Pinus echinata (shortleaf pine) 1,2,3,4
- Pinus strobus (white pine) 2 **
- Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) 1
- Pinus virginiana ( Virginia pine) 1,2
- Prunus serotina (black cherry) 2,3
- Quercus alba (white oak) 2,3
- Quercus coccinea (scarlet oak) 2,3
- Quercus falcata (southern red oak) 2,3
- Quercus marilandica (blackjack oak) 2
- Quercus nigra (water oak) 2
- Quercus rubra (red oak) 3
- Quercus stellata (post oak) 2,3
- Quercus velutina (black oak) 3
- Robinia psuedo-acacia (black locust) 2,3 **
- Taxodium distichum (bald cypress) 5 ** !
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- Aeschulus sylvatica (dwarf buckeye) 3
- Alnus serrulata (tag alder,river alder) 4,5
- Arundinaria gigantea (cane) 3,4
- Calycanthus floridus (sweetshrub) 3
- Clethra alnifolia (cinnamon clethera) 4, (!-?)
- Corylus americana (American hazelnut) 3
- Crataegus sp. (hawthorn) 2
- Euonymus americanus (hearts a-bursting) 3,4
- Hydrangea sp. (hydrangea) 3
- Hypericum hypericoides (St. Johnswort) 2
- Itea virginica ( virginia willow) 4
- Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel) 3
- Leucothoe fontesiana (dog hobble) 4,5
- Ligustrum sinensis (Chinese privet) 4
- Nandina domestica (nandina) 2,3 @
- Prunus angustifolia (Chickasaw Plum ) 2,6
- Rhododendron minus ( Carolina rhododenron) 3
- Rhododendron nudiflorum (pinkster flower) 3
- Rhododendron calendulaceum (flame azalea) 3 **
- Rhus copallina (winged sumac) 6**
- Rhus Glabra (smooth sumac) 6 **
- Rubus sp. (blackberry)
- Sassafras albidum (sassafras) 1,2,3,6 ** grows to tree on property
- Styrax grandifolia (storax) 3
- Vaccinium arboreum (sparkleberry) 1,2
- Vaccinium stamineum (squawberry) 1,2
- Vaccinium vacillans (lowbush blueberry) 2,3
- Viburnum acerifolium (maple-leaved viburnum) 3
- Xanthorhiza simplicissima (yellow-root) 3,4
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Herbs, Grasses, Sedges, Ferns, and Vines
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- Actaea pachypoda (doll's eye) 3
- Adiantum pedatum (maidenhair fern) 3
- Agalinis linfolia (Gerardia)** 2
- Agrimonia pubenscens (hairy agrimony) 4
- Amsonia tabernaemontana (blue star) 3
- Andropogon suparius (little bluestem) 6 **
- Andropogon virginicus (broomstraw) 6 **
- Anemone quinquefolia (five-leaved wood anemone) 3
- Antennaria plantaginifolia (plantain-leaved pussy-toes) 1,2
- Arisaema triphyllum (jack-in-the-pulpit) 5 **
- Aristolochia serpentaria ( Virginia snakeroot) 3
- Aster cordifolius (heart-leaved aster) 3
- Aster divaricatus (white-topped aster) 2,3
- Aster patens (Piedmont aster) 2
- Asclepias (sp-varlegata?) (white milk-weed) 2,3,6 **
- Asclepias tuberosa (butterfly weed)6**
- Athryrium felix-femina (southern lady fern) 3,4,5
- Aureolaria (sp) (false yellow foxglove) 3**
- Bignonia capreolata (cross-vine) 3,4
- Boehmeria cylindrica (false-nettle) 4
- Botrycium virginianum (rattlesnake fern) 3
- Cacalia atriplicifolia (white Indian plantain) 2
- Callicarpa americana (Beauty berry) 1,6**
- Campis radicans (trumpet creeper) 4
- Carex gynandra (mountain fringed sedge) 5
- Carex leptalea (thin sedge) 5
- Carex nigromarginata (black-edged sedge) 1,2
- Carex scabrata (rough sedge) 5
- Carex styloflexa (sedge) 5
- Carex torta (twisted sedge) 4
- Carex umbellata (sedge) 1
- Centrosema virginanum (climbing butterfly-pea)**1,6
- Chasmanthium sessilifolium 4
- Chelone obliqua (turtlehead) 5
- Chimaphila maculata (pipsissewa) 1,2
- Chrysogonum americanum (green and gold) 3
- Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh) 3
- Clematis viorna (2,3,4)
- Cocculus caroliniana ( Carolina moonseed) 3
- Collinsonia canadensis ( Canada horsebalm) 3
- Coreopsis major (whorled-leaf coreopsis) 1,6**
- Cypripedium acaule (Pink lady's slipper) 2 **
- Desmodium (sps) (beggar lice) 2,3,6 **
- Dioscorea villosa (wild yam) 3
- Elephantopus carolinianus (Carolina elephant-foot)1,6**
- Epifagus virginiana (beech drops) 3 (under beech)
- Erigeron pulchellus (daisy fleabane) 3
- Eryngium yuccifolium (rattlesnake master) 2,4
- Eupatorium rotundifolium (round-leaved thoroughwort) 2
- Galax urceolata (Galax) 4 **
- Galium circaezans (Piedmont bedstraw) 3
- Gentiana linearis (narrow-leaved gentian) 2,3
- Geranium maculatum (wild geranium) 3
- Geum canadense ( Canada avens) 4
- Gillenia trifoliata (Indian physic) 3,4
- Glyceria sp. (manna grass) 5
- Goodyera pubescens (rattlesnake plantain) 2,3
- Habenaria clavellata (green wood orchid) 5
- Helianthus angustifolius (narrow-leaf sunflower) 6**
- Helianthus gigantea (Giant Sunflower) 4**
- Heuchera americana (American alumroot) 4
- Hepatica americana (American liverleaf) 3
- Heterotheca graminifolia (grass-leaved golden aster) 1,2
- Heterotheca mariana ( Maryland golden aster)
- Hexalectris spicata (crested coral root) 3
- Hexastylis arifolia (wild ginger, heartleaf) 3
- Hieracium venosum (hawk-weed) 2
- Houstonia serpyllifolia (creeping bluets) 4
- Hypericum sp. (St. John's Wort)
- Hypoxis hirsuta (yellow-eyed grass) 2
- Iris cristata (dwarf crested iris) 3
- Iris verna (summer iris) 2
- Juncus effusus (common needlerush) 4
- Liatris squarrosa (blazing star) 1,2,6 **
- Liatris graminifolia ( blazing star) 1,2,6**
- Ligusticum candense (wild boar hog root, American lovage) 3
- Lilium michauxii (Michaux's lily) 3,4
- Lobelia cardinalis (cardinal flower) 5
- Lobelia inflata (rabbit tobacco) 1,6 **
- Lobelia sp.
- Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle) 3,4
- Lonicera sempervirens (coral honeysuckle) 2
- Lycopodium flabelliforme (Running pine) 1,2 **
- Lysimachia quadrifolia (whorled loosestrife)**
- Matalea sp. 4
- Medeola virginiana (Indian cucumber root) 3,5
- Melia mutica (melic grass) 3
- Mitchella repens (partridge berry) 2,3
- Monarda clinopodia (white bergamot) 3 **
- Monotropa hypopithysis (pine sap) 1,2 **
- Monotropa uniflora (Indian pipes) 2,3 **
- Oenothera perennis (sundrops)6**
- Onosmodium virginanum (Virginia marbleseed) 1**
- Osmunda cinnamomea (cinnamon fern) 5
- Orchis spectabilis (showy orchis) 3
- Oxalis violacea (violet oxalis) 3
- Oxypolis rigidior (rigid cowbane) 5
- Panicum boscii (panic grass) 3,6
- Parthenium sp. (quinine weed) 2
- Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper) 2,3
- Passiflora incarnata (may-pops) 6
- Passiflora lutea (yellow passion-vine) 3
- Pedicularis canadensis (common lousewort) 4
- Phlox carolina ( Carolina phlox) 4
- Phlox stolonifera (creeping phlox) 3
- Polygonum sagittatum (tear-thumb) 4
- Polygonatum biflorum (Solomon's seal) 3
- Polymnia uvedalia (bear-paw) 4
- Polystichum acrostichoides (Christmas fern) 3
- Potentilla canadensis (five-fingers) 2
- Prenanthes trifoliata (gall-of-the-earth) 2,3,4
- Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) 1,2
- Rhus radicans (poison ivy) 1,2,3,4
- Rudbeckia hirta (black-eyed Susan's) 1,6**
- Rudbeckia laciniata (lace-leaved coneflower) 4
- Ruellia carolineinsis (Carolina petunia) 1 **
- Sanguinaria canadensis (bloodroot) 3
- Sanicula sp. (snakeroot) 3,4
- Scleria triglomerata (nut-rush) 2
- Silene stellata (starry campion) 3
- Silphium compositifolium (rosinweed) 2
- Siliphium sp. 2
- Smilacina racemosa (false Solomon's seal) 3
- Smilax biltmoreana (Biltmore carrion-flower) 3
- Smilax bona-nox (cat-briar) 4
- Smilax glauca (glaborous greenbriar) 3
- Smilax herbacea (herbaceous greenbriar) 3
- Solidago curtissii (Curtis's Goldenrod) 3
- Solidago odora (fragrant goldenrod) 2,3
- Spigelia marilandica (Indian pink) 3
- Spiranthes grayi (Little ladies' tresses) 6
- Sorghastrum elliotii (Indian grass) 1,6 **
- Tetragonatheca helianthoides (square-head) 2**
- Tephrosia virginiana (Goat's Rue)2,6
- Thalictrum thalictroides (rue anemone) 3
- Thaspium sp. (meadow parsnip) 3,4
- Thelypteris hexagonoptera (broad beech fern) 3
- Thelypteris palustris (marsh fern) 5
- Tiarella cordifolia (foamflower) 3
- Tipularia discolor (Crane-fly orchid) 2,3,4
- Trillium catesbaei (Piedmont trillium) 3
- Uniola latifolia (river oats) 4
- Uvularia perfoliata (perfoliate bellwort) 3
- Uvularia sessilifolia (sessile-leaved bellwort) 3
- Veratrum parviflorum (false hellebore) 3
- Vicia caroliniana ( Carolina vetch) 3
- Viola palmata (palmate-leaved violet) 3
- Viola pedata (bird's-foot violet) 1,2
- Viola sororia (common violet) 3,4
- Viola tripartita (tripartite violet) 3
- Vitis rotundifolia (muscadine) 4
- Vitais (sp) (fox grape vs possum grape) 3,4
- Yucca filamentosa (hairy yucca) 1,2
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